What Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review?

The principle of judicial review was established by the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803. This landmark case determined that the Supreme Court has the authority to review acts of Congress and determine whether they are constitutional. In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall asserted that it is the duty of the judiciary to interpret the law and to uphold the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. The decision asserted the judiciary's role as a check on the other branches of government, solidifying its power to invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution. This has had a lasting impact on the balance of power within the U.S. government and the protection of individual rights, as it ensures that laws and statutes adhere to the constitutional framework.

The other cases mentioned do not address the concept of judicial review; instead, they focus on different aspects of civil rights and liberties, such as desegregation of schools, reproductive rights, and interracial marriage. While all these cases are significant in their own right, they do not pertain to the establishment or affirmation of judicial review itself.