What movement involved the reinvention of Christianity and included various Protestant denominations while excluding Catholics and Quakers?

The Second Great Awakening was a significant religious revival movement that emerged in the early 19th century in the United States. This movement focused on personal salvation, emotional experiences, and the need for individuals to seek a transformative relationship with God. It was characterized by various Protestant denominations enthusiastically promoting their beliefs, with an emphasis on the ability of individuals to achieve salvation through faith and good works.

This revival led to the establishment of many new religious denominations and strengthened existing ones by encouraging congregational participation and fervent preaching. Although it created a wide array of Protestant sects, it notably did not encompass Catholicism or Quakerism. The exclusion of these groups was reflective of the dominant cultural sentiments of the time, which often viewed non-Protestant faiths with skepticism or outright opposition.

Another notable aspect of the Second Great Awakening was its social implications, as it often spurred movements for social reform, including abolitionism and temperance. However, the core framework of the movement remained centered on Protestant Christianity, reinforcing its role in American religious life and identity during that era.